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To first understand a black hole, you must understand how it is created. Most black holes are produced by dying stars that have a mass twenty times greater than our sun. A star eventually becomes a black hole because the energy and pressure pushing outward is overcome by gravity that pushes inward. For big stars the gravity force causes a star to collapse under its own weight. The star then will explode as a supernova and some outer parts of the star are sent out into space. The core is still intact, and if it has collapsed under its own weight, it will have formed a star. This core is said to have nearly zero volume, but with infinite density, known as a singularity. These black holes that have now been created start to grow. But how do they grow? They start absorbing mass from materials that are close to them. If a material is said to enter a black holes event horizon, a point at which nothing can escape a black hole’s gravity, the object would became absorbed and would be part of the black hole. Most black holes consume large amounts of gas and dust as their primary source of â€Å"f...

Anorexia Nervosa

Anorexia Nervosa is one of the most common eating disorders highly prevalent among the teenagers.   Anorexia Nervosa is a condition which affects individuals who are looking for perfection of their body shape, but which has devastating psychological and the physiological effects on the individual. It is usually characterized by extreme low body weight and distortion of the body image.Most of those who become anorexic have an obsessive fear of gaining excess weight resulting to various voluntary easting disorders including starvation, purging, excessively engaging in physical exercises to create a negative energy balance, and other measures like diet pills or the use of diuretic drugs.The condition has also shown a gender dimension where female adolescents are mostly affected although research shows that about 10% of anorexia condition has been diagnosed in males.  The condition comes with various neurobiological, psychological, and sociological effects which may lead to the death of the victim. While individuals may have an obsessive fear of gaining weight, anorexia nervosa may have severe negative effects more than what can be attributed to being overweight.What is anorexia nervosa?While the battle ranges on fighting the rising case of overweight, there are more efforts directed on the opposite direction.   The rising cases of anorexia nervosa especially among our teenagers has been a matter of concern   to health experts promoting action on some social events like modeling competition which promote anorexic conditions especially one teenage girls (Ellison, 1999).Anorexia nervosa, which is simply referred to as anorexia, is eating disorder which affects individuals who have obsessive fear of becoming overweight.   It is a psychological disorder which goes beyond eating disorder. Apart from fearing begin overweight, it is also an unhealthy way of trying to cope with various emotional problems, perfectionism and the desire to have control.Anorexic indi viduals usually equate themselves with how thin they are.   While it starts out as a simple way to diet, the condition may spill out of control and become chronic therefore difficult to overcome (Simpson, 2002).  Anorexic individual tend to maintain a body weight that is far below their normal body mass index, which is a ratio of individual height and weight, and which is used to assess the weight status of individuals.   In some extreme cases, individuals becoming skeletally thin although due to psychological disorder they think they are still fat and therefore continue losing more weight. This extreme thinning comes with various health effects including psychological and physiological effects.Causes of anorexia nervosaAlthough there is no known cause of anorexia nervosa, it is postulated that biological, psychological and social cultural factors at play which leads to development of the condition.  Ã‚   Let us look at these factors.Biological predisposition is one of the l eading factors which lead to development of the condition. Research has found out that teenagers with parents or older siblings who have developed the condition are at a higher risk.   This may indicate a genetic link to the development of the condition (Ellison, 1999). Studies of twins have been used to support this possible genetic link.There is a probability that individual have genetic component towards perfectionism, sensitivity and perseverance which are traits associated with the condition.   However, there is no evidence that serotonin, which is the hormone associated with depression, has a role in development of the condition.Psychological factors have been explored far and wide.   It is postulated that it is possible that people with anorexic individuals have psychological and emotional characteristics which may predispose the individual to the condition.These individuals tend to have obsessive-compulsive personality traits which may influence them to stick to a stri ct diet despite their continued hunger (Ellison, 1999).   They may also have an extreme drive to perfectionism.For social cultural factor, research has found out that the modern western culture reinforces the desire to have a thin body.   The media has created the desire to have waif-like images of models and actors who become role model for the teens.   Peer pressure may also have a factor to play (Simpson, 2002).How does Anorexia Nervosa evolve?Anorexia nervosa is a chronic condition which evolves in different stages.   An understanding of these stages is important to assist physicians to identify the most appropriate intervention that will be appropriate intervention.The first stage is the identification of weight problem, which is an obsessive problem although the individual may not be overweight. At this stage the individual begin dieting. The stage may last four to six months. The mind of the victim is occupied with the need to lose weight and control the body. Close f riends and family members are helpless to the victim.The next stage is the stagnation stage. At this juncture, the weight loss reaches its bottom and the individual cannot lose more weight (Lucas, 2005).   This is a long period which is usually filled with frustrations individuals want to lose more weight which they cannot and at the same time they are not ready to gain weight.The third stage is regaining of weight.   In this period, the individual fails to gain more control of her body as body cells respond to starvation. This is usually one of the most terrible periods for the individual as one cannot have more control of the body.The individual may have bulimic episodes but continued weight gain makes one frustrated and unhappy which is followed by self hate and sometimes depression (Lucas, 2005). The individual seems to improve physically but psychologically feels incompetent setting in the paradox of anorexia.The last stage is confronting the reality.   At this stage, the individual is physically correct and their weight become normal again and has no more bulimic episodes or if present they are less intense. At this stage, individuals are able to accept themselves but with help from counselors, friends, and family members. (Lucas, 2005)

Funding Of Funding For Public Hospitals Essay - 1607 Words

6.2.1 Funding Policy Framework in Australia Funding for public hospitals in Australia is mainly based on activity, known as Activity Based Funding (ABF). This is based on the actual quantity of services delivered to patients and aims to provide revenue based on the ‘efficient’ cost of delivering the services. Under this arrangement, the financial contribution made by the Commonwealth and the States/Territories for public hospitals’ activities and services is based on Australia DRG classifications, price weight and the National Efficient Price (NEP) which is determined by IPHA. The NEP is a benchmark to give government guidance about the level of contributions that meet the average cost of acute care service provision in Australian public hospitals. The price is expressed as dollars per NWAU because its determination is based on the average cost of a National Weighted Activity Unit (NWAU) projection after deducting the Commonwealth expenditure for other programs. NWAU is a unit expressed to measure health service activity. The NWAU values vary with clinical complexity, intensity and cost of hospital service activities. Both commonwealth and state funding flow through National Health Funding Pool directly to providers within the Local Hospital Networks. In the case where ABF is not practicable, such as low volume of service, block funding can be made payable to the states of which the pricing is based on the National Efficient Cost (NEC) determined by the IPHA. PublicShow MoreRelatedActivity Based Funding Analysis761 Words   |  4 Pagesyou ever gone to a hospital, had a procedure and walked out of the hospital without anyone asking you to make a payment? That’s because hospital treatments in Australia are funded under Activity Based Funding (ABF) a subsidy program where hospitals receive funding for providing treatment and cost effective patient care that is, accessible and high quality (Baxter et al., 2015). What is Activity Based Funding? Activity Based Funding is defined as ‘a way of funding for hospitals whereby they get paidRead MoreProcess of Funding Health Care Services1007 Words   |  4 PagesFunding Health Care Services Name Course Professors Name Date Funding Health Care Services: The health care system is one of the major sectors that have attracted huge debates in the past few years. The polarizing debate is attributed to the fact that the health care system is fragmented and relatively inefficient. As a result, many Americans spend more on health care services than any other nation across the globe but still suffer from huge insurance, administrative waste, and uneven qualityRead MoreCase Study : Capital Coast Health Limited1431 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction In a global economy controlled largely by the dollar, even hospitals and healthcare providers struggle to find relief of being constrained by money. In May of 1997, Dr. Leo Mercer took over as the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Capital Coast Health Limited (CCH), a public healthcare facility located in New Zealand. Due to his background, Dr. Mercer was the ideal leader for this type of organization, which was currently struggling with the monetary aspect of business developmentRead MoreCommunity Health Center for the Uninsured and Undocumented Immigrants1499 Words   |  6 Pagesfrom all public benefits. This paper goes beyond these opposing assumptions and instead, proposes a strategic plan to raise and combine resources necessary to establish a health care center for the uninsured, underinsured, and illegal immigrants in Northern California. The paper covers the establishment of this center with special focus on strategic funding, funding constraints, related state and nation al regulations, health policy, resources allocation, and managerial and leadership. 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In three connected decisions, the Supreme Court made the judgment that states do not have the constitutional or statutory obligation of funding elective abortions as well as promoting access to the abortions’ public facilities. The decisionsRead MoreFederal Funding for Public Broadcasting is a Bust Essay786 Words   |  4 Pagesspends .014% of its budget on public broadcasting. This amounted to approximately $445 million spent on funding towards public broadcasting in 2012.†(Defending Public Broadcasting Should Not Be Done Lightly) The funding was meant to help public broadcasting stations get to a state where they could support themselves on their own. However, many stations continued to take the funding even though they did not require it. Despite this, the stations that abused the funding happened to have some very educationalRead MoreWhy Are the Waiting Times in Public Hospital Emergency Departments so Long? What Contributes to This? 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In addition to hospital stays, the US spends 900 dollars per person on just administrative costs; in France administrative costs is merely 300 dollars (Kane, 2012) Read MoreThe Australian Health Care System1347 Words   |  6 Pagesare many facets of the A ustralian Health care System. It doesn’t just include the local doctor; there are many other services that are a part of a larger network. There are many governing bodies that enable the policy, legislation, coordination and funding aspects of delivering quality services. Australia’s regulation of health services is the responsibility of government with the planning and delivery of services been shared between non-government and government sectors. The cost of the Health Care